Peer-Reviewed Studies

Recent Peer-Studied Reviews

The New England Journal of Medicine review article “Estrogen Carcinogenesis in Breast Cancer”

In this article, they review recent findings related to estrogen exposure and the risk of breast cancer, the mechanisms that may be involved, and the clinical implications of these findings.  Download pdf »


June 2011 University of Ljubljana Study in Journal of Gynecologic Oncology

Clearly written study with 825 cases and 732 controls in study. Results indicate women with snps on 2 estrogen metabolism genes face 2 fold risk of breast cancer. Women with snps on 3 estrogen metabolism.  Download pdf »


May 2011 Study American Association of Cancer Research from Vanderbilt University, Fischer-Bosch Institute Stutgart and University Tubingen

Large Study with 1143 Breast cancer patients and 1155 controls with further examination of the Nashville Breast Cohort study of 16,946 women. Results indicate 1.88 fold increase of breast cancer risk. Download pdf »


Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 2009 NY Academy of Sciences Estrogen Metabolism and Breast Cancer: A Risk Model

Steroid Enzymes and Cancer: 2009 New York Academy of Sciences Comment from Babs: If you can only read one item, read this study. More Studies on Estrogen Metabolism SNPs and Breast Cancer. Download pdf »


Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK, June 2012 Journal of the National Cancer Institute

CYP3A variation, Premenopausal Estrone Levels and Breast Cancer Risk Download pdf »

Fertility Curve Shifts Down 5 Years

University of St. Andrews and University of Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K. Human Ovarian Reserve from Conception to Menopause – 2010

This study demonstrates that for 95% of women by the age of 30 only 12% of their ovarian reserves remain. By age 40, 3% remains. Download pdf »


Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemology & Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen, Denmark — Breast Cancer Risk after Fertility Drugs Exposure

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention July 2007 16: 1400 Download pdf »


John Hopkins, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Washington, D.C. Cancer Risk after Ovulation Induction

American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 169, No 3 November 2008 “In conclusion, the present study demonstrated an association between treatment for ovulation induction and overal risk of cancer, partic Download pdf »

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Studies

NSERM, IARG WHO, Univerity of Paris Sud —- Breast Cancer Risk & Hormone Replacement Therapy

International Union Against Cancer, 2004 Download pdf »


INSERM, University of Paris & Instituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan — Different Postmenopausal Hormone Therapies & Risk of Breast Cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology, March 2008 Download pdf »

Studies on Estrogen Metabolism SNPs and Breast Cancer

University of Nebraska Medical Center, Eppley Institute, Nashville, TN, Center for Human Genetics — Depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts in the etiology and prevention of breast and human cancer

Future Oncology, 2010 Download pdf »


Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, Center for Human Genetics — Estrogen, Enzyme Variants and Breast Cancer Risk Model

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(9). “….The model identified a subset of women with an increased risk of breast cancer based on their enzyme halotype and consequent E2-3, 4-Q production.” Download pdf »


University of Nebraska Medical Center, Eppley Institute, Nashville TN, Center for Human Genetics — Relative Imbalances in Estrogen Metabolism and conjugation in breast tissue…biomarkers

Carcinogenesis, 2003 Download pdf »


Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN — Multifactor-Dimensionality Reduction Reveals High Order Interactions among….

“Estrogen Metabolism Genes in Sporadic Breast Cancer” American Society of Human Genetics, 2001. Babs comment: “This is first study on human tissue correlating these SNPs and Breast Cancer.” Download pdf »


Ningxia Medcal, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China & Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK — CYP1B1 Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer

Biomarkers Insight 2010:5 “Our results suggest that certain polymorphisms in the CYP1B1 gene might increase risk for breast cancer among Han Chinese, perhaps because they influence the efficiency of C Download pdf »


University of Nebraska, Eppley Institue for Cancer Research — Breast Cancer and Estrogen Metabolism: Catechol estrogen quinones as initiators of breast cancer

Biochim Biophys Acta 2006 Aug:1766 “In summary, this evidence strongly indicates that estrogens can become endogenous tumor initiators when CE3-3, 4-Q react with DNA to form specific depurinating addu  Download pdf »


Harvard School of Public Health & Brigham Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School —-CYP1B1 SNPs and Breast Cancer Risk

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, Vol 11, May 2002 “Our results suggest that despite a potential association with estradiol levels, neither the V432L nor the A453S polymorphisms in the C  Download pdf »


CYP1B1 and COMT SNPS and Breast Cancer in Turkish Women

Archives of Toxicology Vol 76, Num 11/November 2002 “We conclude that the CYP1B1*3 allele appears to be a factor for susceptability to breast cancer in Turkish women…”  Download pdf »


National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Breast Cancer Risk and SNPs CYP17, CYP1A1 and COMT

Cancer Research 59, October 1999.  Download pdf »

Estrogen Metabolism & Breast Cancer Risk

An impaired estrogen metabolism (SNPs on the Genes CYP1B1, CYP1A1, COMT, GSTM or GSTP1) + exogenous estrogens (fertility treatments, long term HRT) will lead to an over expression of the carciogenic estrogens.